Why Eye Exams Are About More Than Just Vision

Most people associate eye exams with checking vision and updating prescriptions. But your eyes also offer a clear window into your overall health. During a comprehensive eye exam, your optometrist can detect signs of systemic health conditions — sometimes before you experience symptoms elsewhere in your body.

The blood vessels, nerves, and tissues inside the eye reflect what’s happening in the rest of the body. Because our local optometrists can view these structures non-invasively, routine eye exams often serve as an early warning system for other medical issues.

Health Conditions That Can Be Detected During an Eye Exam

Diabetes

One of the most well-known conditions that can be detected during an eye exam is diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy — caused by damage to blood vessels in the retina — is one of the earliest signs of uncontrolled blood sugar. Optometrists can spot small hemorrhages, fluid buildup, or abnormal blood vessel growth that point to this serious complication.

High Blood Pressure

Chronically elevated blood pressure can cause changes in the tiny blood vessels inside the eye. These may appear as narrowing, swelling, or even bleeding in the retina — all signs your optometrist may identify before you ever notice symptoms.

Cholesterol Issues

High cholesterol can lead to the formation of plaques in the blood vessels of the retina. Your optometrist might observe deposits called “Hollenhorst plaques” or a pale ring around the cornea that can suggest elevated cholesterol levels.

Autoimmune Conditions

Inflammation of the eye, recurrent dry eye, or sudden vision changes can sometimes point to autoimmune disorders such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis. While these findings don’t confirm a diagnosis, they do trigger referrals for further testing.

Thyroid Disease

Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hyperthyroidism, can lead to eye-related symptoms such as bulging eyes, dryness, or lid retraction. During an exam, your optometrist might note these subtle changes and suggest follow-up care.

Even Without Symptoms, Regular Exams Matter

Many health issues detected in the eye have no early symptoms — especially conditions like glaucoma or hypertensive retinopathy. That’s why it’s important to keep your regular eye exam schedule, even if you think your vision is “fine.”

Adults should have a comprehensive eye exam at least every 1–2 years, depending on age and health history. People with diabetes or other risk factors may need exams more frequently.

What to Expect at Your Eye Exam

• Review your medical history and medications
• Measure visual acuity and check your prescription
• Evaluate how your eyes work together
• Use advanced imaging to assess the health of your retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels
• Dilate your pupils (if needed) for a more detailed internal exam

If anything unusual is found, your optometrist will explain the findings and may coordinate care with your primary physician or a specialist.

Your Eyes Can Say a Lot — Make Sure Someone’s Listening

At your next eye exam, you’re not just checking in on your vision — you’re giving your body a valuable health check. If it’s been a while since your last visit, now’s the time to schedule. Your eyes might be trying to tell you something important, and we’re here to help you listen.

Call our team today or schedule online to book your next eye exam — and support your full-body wellness in the process.